Deep ocean wave energy conversion using a cycloidal turbine     

S.G. Siegel  T. JeansT.E. McLaughlin 《Applied Ocean Research》2011,33(2):110-119

A lift based wave energy converter, namely, a cycloidal turbine, is investigated. This type of wave energy converter consists of a shaft with one or more hydrofoils attached eccentrically at a radius. The main shaft is aligned parallel to the wave crests and submerged at a fixed depth. In the two-dimensional limit, i.e. for large spans of the hydrofoil (or an array of these), the geometry of the converter is suitable for wave termination of straight crested Airy waves. Results from two-dimensional potential flow simulations, with thin hydrofoils modeled as either a point vortex or discrete vortex panel, are presented. The operation of the cycloidal turbine both as a wave generator as well as a wave-to-shaft energy converter interacting with a linear Airy wave is demonstrated. The impact on the performance of the converter for design parameters such as device size, submergence depth, and number of hydrofoils is shown. For optimal parameter choices, simulation results demonstrate inviscid energy conversion efficiencies of more than 99% of the incoming wave energy to shaft energy. This is achieved using feedback control to synchronize the rotational rate, blade pitch angle, and phase of the cycloidal wave energy converter to the incoming wave. While complete termination of the incoming wave is shown, the remainder of the energy is lost to harmonic waves traveling in the up-wave and down-wave directions.  相似文献   

非定常条件下OWC径向透平冲击式动叶片优化研究          下载免费PDF全文

韩孜乾  刘臻  张晓霞  许传礼  杨鑫 《海岸工程》2022,41(3):198-208

为优化径向透平动叶片的结构型式,有效提高透平工作效率,本文基于Ansys-Fluent软件构建振荡水柱波能发电装置径向冲击式透平的三维瞬态全流域数值模型,通过改变透平动叶片吸力面型式,研究了正弦往复入射气流条件下动叶片厚度差异对透平扭矩、压强等参量的影响及其对透平输入系数、扭矩系数和周期平均效率等非定常性能评价参数的影响。在保证压力面型式不变情况下,研究了5种动叶片厚度分别为7 mm、13 mm、16 mm、19 mm和22 mm的透平在呼气、吸气阶段的非定常工作性能,结果表明：不同动叶片厚度的透平的非定常工作性能存在较大差异,动叶片厚度为13 mm的透平非定常工作性能最优,最大峰值效率可达47.7%。  相似文献   

圆球减振装置对风力发电高塔的振动控制研究     

张自立  陈建兵  李杰 《地震工程与工程振动》2012,32(3):144-149

本文提出了圆球减振装置对风力发电高塔振动控制的工作原理和计算方法,并对其控制效果进行了理论研究。首先利用拉格朗日方程推导得到圆球减振装置的自振频率及其对单自由度系统的被动控制力,并推广至多自由度系统。进而将风力发电高塔等效为集中质点模型,建立了风塔-减振装置体系的运动微分方程。用谐波叠加法模拟得到脉动风速时程,分析比较了风力发电高塔在无控及有控状态下的动力响应及疲劳寿命。计算结果表明,圆球减振装置是一种简单、经济和实用的减振装置,能够有效减小风塔的动力响应,延长其疲劳寿命。  相似文献   

Dynamic stiffness of monopiles supporting offshore wind turbine generators     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2016

Very large diameter steel tubular piles (up to 10 m in diameter, termed as XL or XXL monopiles) and caissons are currently used as foundations to support offshore Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) despite limited guidance in codes of practice. The current codes of practice such as API/DnV suggest methods to analysis long flexible piles which are being used (often without any modification) to analyse large diameter monopiles giving unsatisfactory results. As a result, there is an interest in the analysis of deep foundation for a wide range of length to diameter (L/D) ratio embedded in different types of soil.This paper carries out a theoretical study utilising Hamiltonian principle to analyse deep foundations ($L/D\ge 2$) embedded in three types of ground profiles (homogeneous, inhomogeneous and layered continua) that are of interest to offshore wind turbine industry. Impedance functions (static and dynamic) have been proposed for piles exhibiting rigid and flexible behaviour in all the 3 ground profiles. Through the analysis, it is concluded that the conventional Winkler-based approach (such as p–y curves or Bean-on-Dynamic Winkler Foundations) may not be applicable for piles or caissons having aspect ratio less than about 10 to 15. The results also show that, for the same dimensionless frequency, damping ratio of large diameter rigid piles is higher than long flexible piles and is approximately 1.2–1.5 times the material damping. It is also shown that Winkler-based approach developed for flexible piles will under predict stiffness of rigid piles, thereby also under predicting natural frequency of the WTG system. Four wind turbine foundations from four different European wind farms have been considered to gain further useful insights.  相似文献   

Vertical earthquake response of megawatt‐sized wind turbine with soil‐structure interaction effects          下载免费PDF全文

Remi A. Kjørlaug  Amir M. Kaynia 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(13):2341-2358

The dynamic response of a wind turbine on monopile is studied under horizontal and vertical earthquake excitations. The analyses are carried out using the finite element program SAP2000. The finite element model of the structure is verified against the results of shake table tests, and the earthquake response of the soil model is verified against analytical solutions of the steady‐state response of homogeneous strata. The focus of the analyses in this paper is the vertical earthquake response of wind turbines including the soil‐structure interaction effects. The analyses are carried out for both a non‐homogeneous stratum and a deep soil using the three‐step method. In addition, a procedure is implemented which allows one to perform coupled soil‐structure interaction analyses by properly tuning the damping in the tower structure. The analyses show amplification of the ground surface acceleration to the top of the tower by a factor of two. These accelerations are capable of causing damage in the turbine and the tower structure, or malfunctioning of the turbine after the earthquake; therefore, vertical earthquake excitation is considered a potential critical loading in design of wind turbines even in low‐to‐moderate seismic areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Experimental and numerical investigations of monopile ringing in irregular finite-depth water waves     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

In storm conditions, nonlinear wave loads on monopile offshore wind turbines can induce resonant ringing-type responses. Efficient, validated methods which capture such events in irregular waves in intermediate or shallow water depth conditions are needed for design. Dedicated experiments and numerical studies were performed toward this goal. The extensive experimental campaign at 1:48 scale was carried out for Statoil related to the development of the Dudgeon wind farm, and included both a rigid model and a flexible, pitching-type, single degree-of-freedom model. Twenty 3-hour duration realizations for 4 sea states and 2 water depths were tested for each model. A high level of repeatability in ringing events was observed. Uncertainties in the experimental results were critically examined. The stochastic variation in the 3-hour maximum bending moment at the sea bed was significantly larger than the random variation in repetition tests, and highlighted the need for a good statistical basis in design. Numerical simulations using a beam element model with a modified Morison wave load model and second order wave kinematics gave reasonable prediction of the ringing response of the flexible model, and of the measured excitation forces on the rigid model in the absence of slamming. The numerical model was also used to investigate the sensitivity of the responses with respect to damping and natural period. A simple single degree-of-freedom model was shown to behave similarly to a fully flexible model when considering changes in natural frequency and damping.  相似文献   

Investigation of the load-bearing capacity of suction caissons used for offshore wind turbines     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

This paper presents the results of three-dimensional finite element analyses of the suction bucket foundation used for offshore wind turbines. The behavior of the bucket and the response of soil supporting the bucket in dense and medium dense sandy soils subjected to static horizontal load are investigated. Field tests results and a centrifuge model test are used to validate the numerical model. Dimensionless horizontal load-displacement and overturning moment-rotation relationships are derived utilizing the Power law and Buckingham’s theorem. The results show good agreement between the numerical analysis results and the straight lines obtained from the Power law until a specific value of horizontal load and overturning moment. Regarding stress behavior of soil supporting the bucket, due to soil densification and bucket movement, maximum stresses are seen near the bucket tip at the right inside of the bucket. The major part of the applied load is transferred by the bucket skirt. Numerical analysis modeling results show that the bucket rotation and displacement are highly dependent on the bucket geometry and soil properties in addition to loading conditions. Normalized equations and figures for the ultimate horizontal load and overturning-moment capacities are presented and can be used for the preliminary design of the bucket foundations in sandy soils.  相似文献   

Concept Design and Coupled Dynamic Response Analysis on 6-MW Spar-Type Floating Offshore Wind Turbine     

MENG Long  ZHOU Tao  HE Yan-ping  ZHAO Yong-sheng  LIU Ya-dong 《海洋工程》2017,31(5):567-577

Tower, Spar platform and mooring system are designed in the project based on a given 6-MW wind turbine. Under wind-induced only, wave-induced only and combined wind and wave induced loads, dynamic response is analyzed for a 6-MW Spar-type floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) under operating conditions and parked conditions respectively. Comparison with a platform-fixed system (land-based system) of a 6-MW wind turbine is carried out as well. Results demonstrate that the maximal out-of-plane deflection of the blade of a Spar-type system is 3.1% larger than that of a land-based system; the maximum response value of the nacelle acceleration is 215% larger for all the designed load cases being considered; the ultimate tower base fore-aft bending moment of the Spar-type system is 92% larger than that of the land-based system in all of the Design Load Cases (DLCs) being considered; the fluctuations of the mooring tension is mainly wave-induced, and the safety factor of the mooring tension is adequate for the 6-MW FOWT. The results can provide relevant modifications to the initial design for the Spar-type system, the detailed design and model basin test of the 6-MW Spar-type system.  相似文献   

Numerical Study on Air Turbines with Enhanced Techniques for OWC Wave Energy Conversion     

CUI Ying  HYUN Beom-Soo  KIM Kilwon 《海洋工程》2017,31(5):517-527

In recent years, the oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy converter, which can capture wave energy from the ocean, has been widely applied all over the world. As the essential part of the OWC system, the impulse and Wells turbines are capable of converting the low pressure pneumatic energy into the mechanical shaft power. As an enhanced technique, the design of endplate or ring attached to the blade tip is investigated numerically in this paper. 3D numerical models based on a CFD-software FLUENT 12.0 are established and validated by the corresponding experimental results from the reports of Setoguchi et al. (2004) and Takao et al. (2001). Then the flow fields and non-dimensional evaluating coefficients are calculated and analyzed under steady conditions. Results show that the efficiency of impulse turbine with ring can reach up to 0.49 when φ=1, which is 4% higher than that in the cases for the endplate-type and the original one. And the ring-type Wells turbine with fixed guide vanes shows the best performance with the maximal efficiency of 0.55, which is 22% higher than that of the original one. In addition, the quasi-steady analysis is used to calculate the mean efficiency and output-work of a wave cycle under sinusoidal flow condition. Taking all together, this study provides support for structural optimization of impulse turbine and Wells turbine in the future.  相似文献   

基于钻井液流变性的涡轮钻具性能预测研究     

沙俊杰  王瑜  路家兴  夏柏如 《地质与勘探》2019,55(4):1051-1058

为探究钻井液流变性变化对涡轮钻具性能的影响,针对Ф89 mm取心涡轮钻具涡轮级进行叶片建模,采用CFX进行不同钻井液性质下的多级涡轮仿真。流场及数值模拟结果表明：随着钻井液粘度增加,涡轮级的转矩呈对数增长、压降增大,效率降低,钻井液在涡轮级的出口速度减小;而钻井液密度的增加增大了其在涡轮定转子中的流速及压降,同时涡轮效率有所提高。结果为优化涡轮叶片的设计提供依据;现场使用涡轮钻具,也应考虑其对钻井液流变性变化的适应能力,及时调整泵压、钻压保证最佳工况。  相似文献